Python Calculator Source Code

Below is the complete Python source code for a feature-rich calculator application that demonstrates fundamental programming concepts while providing practical mathematical functionality.

import math

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

def subtract(x, y):
    return x - y

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

def divide(x, y):
    if y == 0:
        return "Error! Division by zero."
    return x / y

def power(x, y):
    return x ** y

def square_root(x):
    if x < 0:
        return "Error! Cannot calculate square root of negative number."
    return math.sqrt(x)

def percentage(x):
    return x / 100

# Memory functions
memory = 0

def memory_store(value):
    global memory
    memory = value

def memory_recall():
    return memory

def memory_clear():
    global memory
    memory = 0

def memory_add(value):
    global memory
    memory += value

def memory_subtract(value):
    global memory
    memory -= value

def calculator():
    print("Advanced Python Calculator")
    print("Operations: +, -, *, /, sqrt, ^, %, ms (memory store), mr (memory recall), mc (memory clear), m+ (memory add), m- (memory subtract)")
    print("Type 'quit' to exit")
    
    while True:
        try:
            # Get first number
            num1_input = input("Enter first number or memory operation (mr, mc, m+, m-): ")
            
            if num1_input.lower() == 'quit':
                break
            
            # Check for memory operations
            if num1_input.lower() == 'mr':
                print(f"Memory value: {memory_recall()}")
                continue
            elif num1_input.lower() == 'mc':
                memory_clear()
                print("Memory cleared")
                continue
            elif num1_input.lower() == 'm+':
                value = float(input("Enter value to add to memory: "))
                memory_add(value)
                print(f"Memory updated: {memory_recall()}")
                continue
            elif num1_input.lower() == 'm-':
                value = float(input("Enter value to subtract from memory: "))
                memory_subtract(value)
                print(f"Memory updated: {memory_recall()}")
                continue
            else:
                num1 = float(num1_input)
            
            # Get operation
            operation = input("Enter operation (+, -, *, /, sqrt, ^, %): ")
            
            if operation == 'sqrt':
                result = square_root(num1)
                print(f"√{num1} = {result}")
            elif operation == '%':
                result = percentage(num1)
                print(f"{num1}% = {result}")
            elif operation in ['+', '-', '*', '/']:
                # Get second number for binary operations
                num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
                
                if operation == '+':
                    result = add(num1, num2)
                elif operation == '-':
                    result = subtract(num1, num2)
                elif operation == '*':
                    result = multiply(num1, num2)
                elif operation == '/':
                    result = divide(num1, num2)
                
                print(f"{num1} {operation} {num2} = {result}")
            elif operation == '^':
                # Get second number for power operation
                num2 = float(input("Enter exponent: "))
                result = power(num1, num2)
                print(f"{num1} ^ {num2} = {result}")
            else:
                print("Invalid operation!")
            
            # Ask if user wants to continue
            choice = input("Do you want to perform another calculation? (y/n): ")
            if choice.lower() != 'y':
                break
                
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input! Please enter valid numbers.")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    calculator()

Features Included in This Implementation

  • Basic Operations: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
  • Advanced Functions: Square root calculation, exponentiation, percentage conversion
  • Memory Management: Store values (ms), recall (mr), clear (mc), add to memory (m+), subtract from memory (m-)
  • Error Handling: Division by zero, invalid inputs, negative square roots
  • User Experience: Clear prompts, continuous operation loop, quit option

How to Run the Calculator

  1. Save the code in a file named calculator.py
  2. Open a terminal or command prompt
  3. Navigate to the directory containing the file
  4. Run the script using: python calculator.py

Usage Examples

  • Basic arithmetic: Enter 5, then +, then 3 → Result: 8
  • Square root: Enter 16, then sqrt → Result: 4.0
  • Exponentiation: Enter 2, then ^, then 3 → Result: 8.0
  • Percentage: Enter 50, then % → Result: 0.5
  • Memory operations:
    • Enter 10, then m+ (add to memory)
    • Enter mr (recall memory) → Result: 10.0
    • Enter mc (clear memory)

This calculator serves as an excellent learning tool for understanding Python programming fundamentals including functions, user input handling, error management, and control flow structures.

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